In a deeply emotional and historic ceremony, the Haida Nation and the Government of Canada formally signed the Chiixuujin / Chaaw Kaawgaa “Big Tide (Low Water)” Haida Title Lands Agreement, affirming the Haida people’s legal title over the lands and waters of Haida Gwaii. This landmark agreement, signed in Skidegate, represents a monumental shift toward Indigenous self-governance, reconciliation and the recognition of Aboriginal title.
With tears in his eyes, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau addressed a packed community hall filled with Haida leadership, elders, youth and community members.
“Haida Gwaii was one of my first trips as Liberal leader, and I can’t think of any place more appropriate for one of my very last,” Trudeau said.
The agreement formally recognizes Haida ownership of the lands, beds of freshwater bodies and foreshores to the low-tide mark across the archipelago. It marks the first time the federal government has acknowledged Aboriginal title through negotiation rather than litigation. The agreement follows similar recognition by the British Columbia government in 2023 and concludes a legal struggle that has spanned more than four decades.
Gaagwiis Jason Alsop, president of the Council of the Haida Nation (CHN), emphasized the long journey that led to this moment.
“This agreement is the result of well over 100 years of political mobilization by the Haida Nation,” he stated. “The recognition of Haida title by Canada acknowledges historic injustices and illustrates the transformative possibilities of working together for what is right.”
The agreement transitions Crown-title land to Haida stewardship, establishing a legal and symbolic foundation for peaceful coexistence. Alsop added: “This recognition initiated by our past leaders in 1913 means that we can begin a new era of peaceful coexistence, ensuring the well-being of all who call these shining islands home.”
The emotional ceremony was marked by Haida drumming, singing and traditional regalia. Elders and youth alike witnessed what Trudeau described as a “monumental step in fulfilling a solemn promise” toward truth, reconciliation and the recognition of Indigenous sovereignty.
Trudeau declared: “This marks the beginning of a new chapter in the relationship between the Haida Nation and the Government of Canada—a chapter that enshrines the right of the Haida to control their own destiny.” His words were met with thunderous applause and a standing ovation.
Crown-Indigenous Relations Minister Gary Anandasangaree called it a historic moment, explaining that the agreement initiates a five-year transition period during which further details will be legislated. He reassured landowners that private property rights will remain unaffected.
“Private title will not be impacted in any way,” Anandasangaree said.
Following the signing, Gaagwiis presented Trudeau with a traditional Haida copper pendant, a shield and a carving shaped like Haida Gwaii—gestures symbolizing how far the relationship between the Crown and Indigenous Peoples has progressed since Haida leaders broke a copper piece on Parliament’s steps a decade ago.
Trudeau, wearing the gifted Haida headpiece and scarf, responded with gratitude.
“Wearing this pendant will help me be a little more myself than I’ve been able to be as prime minister,” he said.
While the agreement represents a significant victory, Haida leaders emphasized the continued work required to fully implement self-determination based on Haida laws, traditions and values. Alsop reiterated the nation’s commitment to managing Haida Gwaii’s lands and seas sustainably, ensuring they remain protected for future generations.
As Trudeau concluded his remarks, he captured the essence of the day: “This agreement confirms an incontrovertible and long-known truth: Haida Gwaii belongs to you, the Haida people.”
